Credit Education

Identity Theft

Freeze, fraud alerts, recovery.

All guides in this topic

Identity Theft

Credit Monitoring After Identity Theft

Once your identity has been stolen, monitoring your credit becomes essential. This guide covers what to monitor, how often, and which services are worth using — including free options.

6 min read Updated Apr 2026 Read guide →

Guide 2

1 min

How to Freeze Your Credit

Step-by-step guide to placing a security freeze at all three bureaus.

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Guide 3

1 min

What to Do If Identity is Stolen

The immediate 8-step action plan when you discover identity theft.

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Guide 4

1 min

Fraud Alert vs Credit Freeze

Comparing protections, costs, and when each makes sense.

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Guide 5

1 min

How to File an FTC Identity Theft Report

Using IdentityTheft.gov to create a recovery plan and FTC report.

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Guide 6

1 min

Medical Identity Theft

A less-discussed form of ID theft that can affect insurance and care.

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Guide 7

1 min

Child Identity Theft

How thieves use children SSNs and how parents can protect them.

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Guide 8

1 min

Dark Web Monitoring

What dark web monitoring services find and whether they are worth it.

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Guide 9

1 min

Identity Theft Recovery Checklist

A complete, ordered recovery checklist after confirmed identity theft.

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Guide 10

7 min

How to Freeze Your Credit: Step-by-Step for All Three Bureaus

A security freeze is the strongest protection against new-account identity theft. Learn how to freeze and unfreeze your credit at Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion for free.

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Guide 11

6 min

Credit Freeze Explained: The Strongest Protection Against New-Account Fraud

A credit freeze is free, permanent until you lift it, and prevents any new lender from accessing your report. Here is what it does, what it does not affect, and how to place one in minutes.

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Guide 12

6 min

Fraud Alerts: How They Work and When to Use One Instead of a Freeze

A fraud alert tells lenders to take extra steps to verify your identity before extending credit. It is less protective than a freeze but easier to manage when you are actively applying for credit.

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Guide 13

7 min

Types of Identity Theft: Financial, Medical, Tax, Synthetic, and More

Identity theft goes far beyond stolen credit cards. Here are all the major types — financial, medical, tax, synthetic, and child — with how each works and what to do.

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Guide 14

7 min

Identity Theft — Immediate Steps to Take When You Discover It

Every hour matters after discovering identity theft. Here is the exact sequence of actions to take — freeze first, then FTC report, then dispute — in order of urgency.

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Guide 15

5 min

How to File an FTC Identity Theft Report at IdentityTheft.gov

An FTC Identity Theft Report is a legal document that gives you special dispute rights under the FCRA. Here is what it is, why you need it, and the exact steps to file.

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Guide 16

6 min

Data Breach Response: What to Do When Your Information Is Exposed

Receiving a data breach notification does not mean fraud has occurred — yet. Here is the exact response protocol to protect yourself before thieves can use your exposed information.

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Immediate steps if you discover identity theft

Act in this order. Speed matters — the sooner you act, the fewer accounts a thief can open.

1

Place a fraud alert (free, immediate)

Within hours

Call or go online to any one bureau — they must notify the other two. Lenders must take extra steps to verify identity before opening new credit.

2

Request free fraud victim credit reports

Within 24 hours

You're entitled to free reports from all three bureaus. Review every account, inquiry, and address.

3

File a report at IdentityTheft.gov

Within 24 hours

The FTC's official identity theft reporting site. Creates an official FTC Identity Theft Report — required for some fraud disputes.

4

Place a credit freeze at all 3 bureaus

Within 24–48 hours

A freeze blocks new credit from being opened. Unlike a fraud alert, it physically prevents access. Must be done at each bureau separately.

5

Dispute fraudulent accounts

Within 1 week

Send dispute letters to bureaus attaching your FTC report. Bureaus must block fraudulent info within 4 business days of receiving the FTC report.

6

Notify affected creditors in writing

Within 1 week

Contact each institution where fraud occurred. Request written confirmation. Ask for account closure and replacement cards.

7

File a police report (if applicable)

As soon as possible

Useful if you know who committed the theft or if creditors require it for fraud claims.

8

Monitor for new activity

Ongoing

Set up credit monitoring alerts. Check reports monthly for 6–12 months after a theft.

Credit freeze vs. fraud alert vs. credit lock

Protection Cost Blocks new accounts? Duration How to place Legal basis
Security freeze Free (law requires) Yes — lender cannot access frozen file Permanent until you lift it Each bureau separately: online, phone, or mail FCRA § 605A (EGRRCPA 2018)
Initial fraud alert Free No — only requires lender verification step 1 year (renewable) One bureau (must notify others) FCRA § 605A
Extended fraud alert Free (ID theft victims) No — requires in-person verification 7 years Must submit FTC Identity Theft Report FCRA § 605A
Active duty alert Free (service members) No — requires verification 1 year One bureau (must notify others) FCRA § 605A(b)
Credit lock (bureau product) Free or fee-based Yes (if active) Varies by product Each bureau's app or website Product terms only — not federal law
Bottom line: A security freeze is the strongest protection and is completely free by federal law. A fraud alert is easier to manage but provides weaker protection. A credit lock is convenient but governed by product terms, not law — the bureau can change terms at any time.

Types of identity theft — frequency

35%
Credit card fraud
19%
Government documents / benefits
15%
Loan / lease fraud
13%
Bank / savings account fraud
9%
Employment / tax fraud
9%
Other

Source: FTC Consumer Sentinel Network

Educational content only. This page is for informational purposes and does not constitute legal, tax, or personal financial advice. Results vary. Laws and bureau processes change. Consult the CFPB, FTC, and AnnualCreditReport.com for authoritative guidance. Full disclaimer